According to the book, "Nature Photography" by, Tim Fitzharris there are times when you as a photographer will need to use polarizing filters, Split neutral density filters, Graduated neutral density filters, and have portable reflectors handy.
If you have a photograph of leaves or water with a lot of glare than, you may want to use a polarizing filter. These filters will help reduce glare from nonmetallic surfaces and can reduce scene brightness by one to two stops. With polarizing filters you may want to buy the more expensive ones to reduce vignetting within the picture.
When your photograph of a landscape turns out with the sky being brighter than the foreground that is when the split neutral density filter (ND) comes to play. This specialized filter allows for one half of the filter to be clear and the other half to be gray. Having a darker half makes the sky darker and the clear half makes the foreground lighter.
A graduated neutral density filter lowers the density of the sky. Basically, the aspect of this filter is, it transitions the clear and dark regions of the photograph naturally.
There are also filters used for certain weather conditions for example, Blue/Gold polarizing filters are used only on sunny days to reduce glare, highlight water colors, and brighten the color density in the sky.
If you don't like carrying a bunch of equipment than you should use portable reflectors which are only 40 inches in diameter (maximum). Portable reflectors are circular and easy to fold up. You can use this reflector two ways because there are two sides. The first side is white which is used for bouncing light into shadows. The other side is silver which is useful when the element is farther away.
For more information on filters and reflectors I would highly recommend reading the book,"Nature Photography" written by, Tim Fitzharris.
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